What is the purpose of the constant in the probability density function The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InConfusion between probability distribution function and probability density functionProbability density function vs. probability mass functionBound 1D gaussian domain in the interval $[-3sigma, 3sigma]$ so it still is a probability density functionCan a probability density function be used directly as probability function?Probability density of a function of a random variableis this function increasing or decreasing on what intervals?Homework: questions about probability distribution functions and probability density functionGaussian function constantDeriving the Covariance of Multivariate Gaussianprobability density function of a function of a random variable?

What is the use of option -o in the useradd command?

How to deal with fear of taking dependencies

Inflated grade on resume at previous job, might former employer tell new employer?

If a poisoned arrow's piercing damage is reduced to 0, do you still get poisoned?

"Riffle" two strings

CiviEvent: Public link for events of a specific type

Does a dangling wire really electrocute me if I'm standing in water?

Carnot-Caratheodory metric

How come people say “Would of”?

Is bread bad for ducks?

Output the Arecibo Message

"To split hairs" vs "To be pedantic"

Monty Hall variation

Does duplicating a spell with Wish count as casting that spell?

Is there a name of the flying bionic bird?

What does "rabbited" mean/imply in this sentence?

Landlord wants to switch my lease to a "Land contract" to "get back at the city"

Why is it "Tumoren" and not "Tumore"?

Is domain driven design an anti-SQL pattern?

Manuscript was "unsubmitted" because the manuscript was deposited in Arxiv Preprints

Pristine Bit Checking

Why do UK politicians seemingly ignore opinion polls on Brexit?

Why can Shazam do this?

What is the meaning of Triage in Cybersec world?



What is the purpose of the constant in the probability density function



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InConfusion between probability distribution function and probability density functionProbability density function vs. probability mass functionBound 1D gaussian domain in the interval $[-3sigma, 3sigma]$ so it still is a probability density functionCan a probability density function be used directly as probability function?Probability density of a function of a random variableis this function increasing or decreasing on what intervals?Homework: questions about probability distribution functions and probability density functionGaussian function constantDeriving the Covariance of Multivariate Gaussianprobability density function of a function of a random variable?










1












$begingroup$


I have been studying the probability density function...



$$frac1sigma sqrt2 pie^frac(-(x - mu ))^22sigma ^2$$



For now I remove the constant, and using the following proof, I prove that...



$$int_-infty^inftye^frac-x^22 = sqrt2 pi $$



The way I interpret this is that the area under the gaussian distribution is $sqrt2 pi $. But I am still having a hard time figuring out what the constant is doing. It seems to divide by the area itself and by $sigma$ as well. Why is this done?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    so the integral of the probability density function over the entire space is equal to one
    $endgroup$
    – J. W. Tanner
    1 hour ago
















1












$begingroup$


I have been studying the probability density function...



$$frac1sigma sqrt2 pie^frac(-(x - mu ))^22sigma ^2$$



For now I remove the constant, and using the following proof, I prove that...



$$int_-infty^inftye^frac-x^22 = sqrt2 pi $$



The way I interpret this is that the area under the gaussian distribution is $sqrt2 pi $. But I am still having a hard time figuring out what the constant is doing. It seems to divide by the area itself and by $sigma$ as well. Why is this done?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    so the integral of the probability density function over the entire space is equal to one
    $endgroup$
    – J. W. Tanner
    1 hour ago














1












1








1





$begingroup$


I have been studying the probability density function...



$$frac1sigma sqrt2 pie^frac(-(x - mu ))^22sigma ^2$$



For now I remove the constant, and using the following proof, I prove that...



$$int_-infty^inftye^frac-x^22 = sqrt2 pi $$



The way I interpret this is that the area under the gaussian distribution is $sqrt2 pi $. But I am still having a hard time figuring out what the constant is doing. It seems to divide by the area itself and by $sigma$ as well. Why is this done?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




I have been studying the probability density function...



$$frac1sigma sqrt2 pie^frac(-(x - mu ))^22sigma ^2$$



For now I remove the constant, and using the following proof, I prove that...



$$int_-infty^inftye^frac-x^22 = sqrt2 pi $$



The way I interpret this is that the area under the gaussian distribution is $sqrt2 pi $. But I am still having a hard time figuring out what the constant is doing. It seems to divide by the area itself and by $sigma$ as well. Why is this done?







probability statistics probability-distributions gaussian-integral






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked 1 hour ago









BolboaBolboa

398516




398516







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    so the integral of the probability density function over the entire space is equal to one
    $endgroup$
    – J. W. Tanner
    1 hour ago













  • 1




    $begingroup$
    so the integral of the probability density function over the entire space is equal to one
    $endgroup$
    – J. W. Tanner
    1 hour ago








1




1




$begingroup$
so the integral of the probability density function over the entire space is equal to one
$endgroup$
– J. W. Tanner
1 hour ago





$begingroup$
so the integral of the probability density function over the entire space is equal to one
$endgroup$
– J. W. Tanner
1 hour ago











2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















2












$begingroup$

If you consider every possible outcome of some event you should expect the probability of it happening to be $1$, not $sqrt2pi$ so the constant scales the distribution to conform with the normal convention of ascribing a probability between zero and one.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    (In case its not clear, which it probably is) More precisely, you want the sum of the probabilities of all possible events to equal $1$, and since an integral represents a sum over such continuous variables, that's what this is.
    $endgroup$
    – John Doe
    1 hour ago



















2












$begingroup$

It is doing that, but observe that you are also stretching in the horizontal direction by the same factor (in the exponential). Say if $sigma>1$ you are decreasing your area by a factor $sigma$ but you are increasing it by the same factor because you replace $x$ by $x/sigma$ (the shift does not change the area of course)






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













    Your Answer





    StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
    return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
    StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
    StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
    );
    );
    , "mathjax-editing");

    StackExchange.ready(function()
    var channelOptions =
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "69"
    ;
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
    createEditor();
    );

    else
    createEditor();

    );

    function createEditor()
    StackExchange.prepareEditor(
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: true,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: 10,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader:
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    ,
    noCode: true, onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    );



    );













    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function ()
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3181774%2fwhat-is-the-purpose-of-the-constant-in-the-probability-density-function%23new-answer', 'question_page');

    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    2












    $begingroup$

    If you consider every possible outcome of some event you should expect the probability of it happening to be $1$, not $sqrt2pi$ so the constant scales the distribution to conform with the normal convention of ascribing a probability between zero and one.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      (In case its not clear, which it probably is) More precisely, you want the sum of the probabilities of all possible events to equal $1$, and since an integral represents a sum over such continuous variables, that's what this is.
      $endgroup$
      – John Doe
      1 hour ago
















    2












    $begingroup$

    If you consider every possible outcome of some event you should expect the probability of it happening to be $1$, not $sqrt2pi$ so the constant scales the distribution to conform with the normal convention of ascribing a probability between zero and one.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      (In case its not clear, which it probably is) More precisely, you want the sum of the probabilities of all possible events to equal $1$, and since an integral represents a sum over such continuous variables, that's what this is.
      $endgroup$
      – John Doe
      1 hour ago














    2












    2








    2





    $begingroup$

    If you consider every possible outcome of some event you should expect the probability of it happening to be $1$, not $sqrt2pi$ so the constant scales the distribution to conform with the normal convention of ascribing a probability between zero and one.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$



    If you consider every possible outcome of some event you should expect the probability of it happening to be $1$, not $sqrt2pi$ so the constant scales the distribution to conform with the normal convention of ascribing a probability between zero and one.







    share|cite|improve this answer












    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer










    answered 1 hour ago









    CyclotomicFieldCyclotomicField

    2,4681314




    2,4681314







    • 1




      $begingroup$
      (In case its not clear, which it probably is) More precisely, you want the sum of the probabilities of all possible events to equal $1$, and since an integral represents a sum over such continuous variables, that's what this is.
      $endgroup$
      – John Doe
      1 hour ago













    • 1




      $begingroup$
      (In case its not clear, which it probably is) More precisely, you want the sum of the probabilities of all possible events to equal $1$, and since an integral represents a sum over such continuous variables, that's what this is.
      $endgroup$
      – John Doe
      1 hour ago








    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    (In case its not clear, which it probably is) More precisely, you want the sum of the probabilities of all possible events to equal $1$, and since an integral represents a sum over such continuous variables, that's what this is.
    $endgroup$
    – John Doe
    1 hour ago





    $begingroup$
    (In case its not clear, which it probably is) More precisely, you want the sum of the probabilities of all possible events to equal $1$, and since an integral represents a sum over such continuous variables, that's what this is.
    $endgroup$
    – John Doe
    1 hour ago












    2












    $begingroup$

    It is doing that, but observe that you are also stretching in the horizontal direction by the same factor (in the exponential). Say if $sigma>1$ you are decreasing your area by a factor $sigma$ but you are increasing it by the same factor because you replace $x$ by $x/sigma$ (the shift does not change the area of course)






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$

















      2












      $begingroup$

      It is doing that, but observe that you are also stretching in the horizontal direction by the same factor (in the exponential). Say if $sigma>1$ you are decreasing your area by a factor $sigma$ but you are increasing it by the same factor because you replace $x$ by $x/sigma$ (the shift does not change the area of course)






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$















        2












        2








        2





        $begingroup$

        It is doing that, but observe that you are also stretching in the horizontal direction by the same factor (in the exponential). Say if $sigma>1$ you are decreasing your area by a factor $sigma$ but you are increasing it by the same factor because you replace $x$ by $x/sigma$ (the shift does not change the area of course)






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        It is doing that, but observe that you are also stretching in the horizontal direction by the same factor (in the exponential). Say if $sigma>1$ you are decreasing your area by a factor $sigma$ but you are increasing it by the same factor because you replace $x$ by $x/sigma$ (the shift does not change the area of course)







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered 1 hour ago









        GReyesGReyes

        2,39815




        2,39815



























            draft saved

            draft discarded
















































            Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid …


            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

            Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function ()
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3181774%2fwhat-is-the-purpose-of-the-constant-in-the-probability-density-function%23new-answer', 'question_page');

            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            Popular posts from this blog

            Which organization defines CJK Unified Ideographs? The Next CEO of Stack OverflowCharacters which have several different shapesHow useful are the kanji in reading Chinese?Can Chinese readers scan large amounts of text faster/more accurately than their alphabet-using counterparts?丼: why is “well” also “bowl of food”?What Does Unicode 8.0 Mean For Chinese?How are blanks indicated for placeholders in Chinese (like ???)Is there a dictionary of standard character variants?How to display CJK Extension F?How is it decided as to which character is used on the tech terminology?How does 子 come to mean 'midnight'?

            Shenzhen Football Club Índice Elenco atual | Títulos | Referências Ligações externas | Menu de navegaçãoGooglenotíciaslivrosacadêmicoeditar«"Elenco"»Site oficialexpandindo-oeee

            When We Were Young (canção de Adele) Índice Antecedentes e lançamento | Faixas e formatos | Performances e covers | Desempenho nas tabelas musicais | Créditos | Histórico de lançamento | Referências Menu de navegação«Best albums of 2015»«Adele - When We Were Young (Radio Date: 22-01-2016)»«When We Were Young - Single by Adele»«Adele: Inside Her Private Life and Triumphant Return»«adele interview: world exclusive first interview in three years»«Tobias Jesso Jr: since Adele tweeted his song, he's even bigger than his dad»«Adele interviews Tobias Jesso Jr: 'I think that a couple of the ideas we had could be rap songs'»«Adele on Her Return: 'I Was So Frightened That No One Cared'»«Tobias Jesso Jr. on working with Adele: 'I was as nervous as shit'»«How Ariel Rechtshaid Pushed Adele To Her Limit»«Adele Previews 'When We Were Young' on '60 Minutes' Teaser, Tops Trending 140»«Adele Performs New '25' Ballad, "When We Were Young" Live: Watch»«Which '25' Song Should Be Adele's Next Single?»«Adele's 'When We Were Young' Confirmed As Second Single From '25'»«Adele's new single artwork for 'When We Were Young' is perfectly adorable»«Adele at the BBC review: honest, funny and spectacular – Celebrity News News»«'Saturday Night Live': Adele Sings 'Hello' and 'When We Were Young'»«'Adele: Live in New York City' NBC Special – Set List Revealed!»«Adele Closes Out the 2016 Brit Awards With 'When We Were Young'»«What Is The Adele Live Tour Set List? There's No Way She'd Leave Out These 8 Songs»«See Demi Lovato's Soaring Cover of Adele's 'When We Were Young'»«'The Voice': 5 Best Moments From Week 1 Blind Auditions»«Adele – When We Were Young (Media Control Charts)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Entertainment Monitoring Africa)»«Adele – When We Were Young (ARIA Charts)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Ö3 Austria Top 40)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Ultratop 50)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Ultratop 40)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Canadian Hot 100)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Tracklisten)»«Adele – When We Were Young (The Official Charts Company)»«Adele – Hello (IFPI Slovenská Republika)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Productores de Música de España)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Billboard Hot 100)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Pop Songs)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Adult Pop Songs)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Hot Adult Contemporary Charts)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Hot Dance Club Songs)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Rock Airplay)»«Adele – When We Were Young (IFPI Finlândia)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Syndicat National de l'Éditon Phonographique)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Irish Recorded Music Association)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Mexico Airplay)»«Adele – When We Were Young (VG-lista)»«Adele – When We Were Young (NZ Top 40 Singles)»«Adele – When We Were Young (MegaCharts)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Związek Producentów Audio Video)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Portugal Digital Songs)»«Adele – When We Were Young (UK Indie Singles Chart)»«Adele – When We Were Young (UK Singles Chart)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Sverigetopplistan)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Schweizer Hitparade)»«Adele – When We Were Young (Portugal Digital Songs)»«Music Canada – Gold/Platinum – When We Were Young»«NZ Top 40 Singles Chart»«Certified Awards»e