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Testes de convergênciaJean le Rond d’Alembert


Matemáticasériesérie




Em Matemática, o teste da razão ou critério d'Alembert é um teste para saber a convergência ou não de uma série.


Seja ∑n=1∞andisplaystyle sum _n=1^infty a_n uma série de termos positivos.


Fazendo-se limn→∞|an+1an|=Ldisplaystyle lim _nrightarrow infty left


Se



  • L<1displaystyle L<1!, a série é absolutamente convergente (portanto convergente);


  • L>1displaystyle L>1! ou L=∞displaystyle L=infty ! ou L=1+displaystyle !L=1^+!, a série é divergente;


  • L=1−displaystyle L=1^-!, o teste é inconclusivo.


Exemplo |


Seja:
an=n+1n!displaystyle a_n=frac n+1n!


Clasificar ∑n=1∞andisplaystyle sum _n=1^infty a_n


a) an=n+1n!>0displaystyle a_n=frac n+1n!>0


b) n+1n!displaystyle frac n+1n! tende para zero quando ndisplaystyle n tende para infinito, pois n!displaystyle n! cresce muito mais rapidamente que ndisplaystyle n.


c) Aplicando o critério D'Alembert:


L=limn→∞an+1an=limn→∞n+2(n+1)!n+1n!=limn→∞n+2(n+1)!n!(n+1)=limn→∞(n+2)(n+1)2=displaystyle L=lim _nto infty frac a_n+1a_n=lim _nto infty frac frac n+2(n+1)!frac n+1n!=lim _nto infty frac n+2(n+1)!frac n!(n+1)=lim _nto infty frac (n+2)(n+1)^2=
=limn→∞(n+1)+1(n+1)2=limn→∞(1n+1+1(n+1)2)=0displaystyle =lim _nto infty frac (n+1)+1(n+1)^2=lim _nto infty left(frac 1n+1+frac 1(n+1)^2right)=0


e como L<1displaystyle L<1, a série ∑n=1∞andisplaystyle sum _n=1^infty a_n converge.







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